Showing posts with label knife. Show all posts
Showing posts with label knife. Show all posts

Wednesday, August 24, 2011

Directions for Cutting Up a Hog , Victorian-Style: Lovingly Dedicated to My Son, Timothy Baran

Yesterday, my culinary arts student, chef-in-training, and professional cook fabricated a finger instead of the carrot he was chopping. So after spending the better part of yesterday afternoon in a hospital emergency room, we are off to a hand specialist today, some couple of hours away from home.

In keeping in the spirit of our recent drama, it seemed like a good time to share how the cooks at Simons Mansion dissected pigs for kitchen purposes. First published in the 1860's "Miss Beecher’s domestic receiptbook: designed as a supplement to her Treatise on domestic economy."


Split the hog through the spine, take off each half of the head behind the ear, then take off a piece front of the shoulder and next the head, say four or five pounds, for sausages.

Then take out the leaf, which lies around the kidneys, for lard.

Then, with a knife, cut out the whole mass of the lean meat, except what belongs to the shoulder and the ham.

Then take off the ham and the shoulder. Then take out all the fat to be used for lard, which is the loose piece, directly in front of the ham.

Next cut off a narrow strip from the spring, or belly, for sausage meat. Cut up the remainder, which is clear pork, for salting, in four or five strips of nearly equal width. Take off the cheek, or jowl, of the head for smoking with the ham; and use the upper part for boiling, baking, or head cheese.

The feet are boiled and then fried,, or used for jelly. It is most economical to try up the thin flabby pieces for lard to cook with. (Editor's note: "Try" is not a typo).

The fat leaf try by itself, for the nicest cooking.

Clean all the intestines of the fat for lard. That which does not readily separate from the larger intestines, use for soap grease.

Of the insides, the liver, heart, sweet-breads, and kidneys are sometimes used for broiling or frying. The smaller intestines are used for sausage cases.

In salting down, leave out the bloody and lean portions and use them for sausages.


Except for the language, Timothy said that fabrication techniques have changed little through the decades.

Thursday, December 30, 2010

The Most Convenient Kitchen Utensils...

...according to Miss Beecher's domestic receiptbook: designed as a supplement to her Treatise on domestic economy.

Certainly, Simons Mansion boasted no microwaves or slow cookers. So, in addition to the ice box, what other items might Melissa have seen inside the kitchen? Note: The comments in parentheses are mine.

1) Tin Baker or Reflector: for baking breads, cakes apples, as well as an oven (I had to read this twice. Who would bake an oven?)

2) Footman: made with brass or sheet iron to heat irons.

3: Balances: for weighing cakes (What else?).

4) Dustpan: so one doesn't have to sweep the crumbs across the carpet (Obviously invented by someone whose kids did the sweeping. We have two dustpans, but I'm always finding the bulk of kitchen debris underneath the garbage can).

5) Saw Knife: a saw on one side and a knife on the other. Useful for cutting meats.

6) Lemon Squeezer

7) Case for Lamplighters: to receive the remnants of extinguished matches.

8) Meat Mallet

9) Egg Beater

10: Apple Corer: In 1860, this cost only a dime.

11) Gridiron Scraper

12) Rolling Pin

13: Fish Kettle

14) Preserving Kettle With a Cover: a cover best preserves the flavor of the fruit.

15) Preserving Kettle Without a Cover: shallow, so as not to crowd the fruit.The best are copper or bell metal. Porcelain ones are apt to crack.

16) Cast-iron Sauce-pan with Lid: (I only cook with cast iron. I'm still using a set that cost $28 in 1982 when my oldest son was born).

17) Tin Sauce-pan

18) Copper Sauce-pan. Every household needs at least four different sizes of saucpans. The copper ones are best and most durable. The iron lined with tin are next best. The tin are the poorest.

9) Trivet: for heating articles over coals without burning. Three or four of different sizes are needed with an open fire. Food cooked for the sick demands them.

20) Tin Bonnet: very useful to keep articles warm, to roast apples, and to warm plates.

21: A brush made of bristles twisted into wire to clean bottles.

22) Tin Safe: To preserve food in hot weather and to protect it also from mice.

23) Refrigerators: to keep meat, milk, butter, and cream during hot weather. Instructions are provided for making an inexpensive one. (Something to remember next time I need to replace a refrigerator).

A note from Miss Beecher's domestic receiptbook: designed as a supplment to her Treatise on domestic economy: "A housekeeper who choses to do without some of these conveniences, and spend the money saved in parlor adornments, has a right to do so, and others a the right to think she in this shows herself deficient in good sense."

Ouch!

Thursday, November 11, 2010

Four Basic Knives

By Timothy M. Baran

Steve’s third cooking lesson with Brian might have sounded like this:

“By now, Brian, you know how to sharpen a knife, and you know about some of the materials that make a knife. Here is a little information about some knives.”

Not all knives, of course, but the ones that might have been important for Steve.

Chef knife: This knife is your “work horse.” It will be your best friend in the kitchen. Almost all of your chopping and cutting will be done with this knife. So find one that is easy and comfortable to your hand for you to use.

Boning knife: This knife along with the chef knife will help you fabricate meat. It is smaller and can get in areas that the chef knife cannot. This knife will help you get precise cuts (some skill is needed, but a good knife helps) and will help get all the meat off of the bone.

Filet knife: This knife is useful to fabricate a fish. You can use your boning knife, but it might not always be flexible enough. This knife will bend, not in half, but definitely enough to help you get up close to the bones of the fish to get all the meat off of them.

Paring knife: This knife will help with cuts that are in a small area that other knives would not be able to reach safely. Like paring an apple, to do that with a chef knife is not smart, or safe. If you are skilled enough, you can use it to peel away the skin of fruits and vegetables. A peeler works well, too.

Remember, keep your knives SHARP.

Thursday, November 4, 2010

What's In a Knife?

Because high carbon stainless steel was probably not around in the 1970s, when Bryony takes places, I'm guessing when Steve Barnes taught Brian Marchellis how to cook, he used either carbon steel or stainless steel knives.

Here are the type of materials used for kitchen knives and their benefits and disadvantages:

The best kind of knife is one that is forged and tempered from one piece of metal, although it can also be cut or stamped from the metal. There are different kinds of metal that a knife can be made from. They can be made from: Carbon steel, Stainless steel, High-carbon stainless steel, and Ceramic.

Carbon steel is very easy to sharpen and is the traditional metal used in making knifes, but watch out when used with acidic foods the metal will without a doubt discolor and corrode.

Stainless steel is a durable material. It is rust-proof and resists discoloring and corroding. The blade remains sharper than a carbon steel blade, but the stainless steel knife is harder to sharpen than the carbon steel knife.

High-carbon stainless steel is the most used metal for knives today. It takes the best of both worlds from the carbon steel and from the stainless steel. This metal is almost as easy to sharpen as the knife made from carbon steel. This metal will not discolor or corrode.

Ceramic is very expensive and is now made from a ceramic called zirconium oxide. This makes the knife very sharp and easy to clean, it also will not rust and it is also nonreactive. The ceramic knife will stay sharp for a long time, possibly years, if the knife is taken care of. This knife, though, after it becomes dull will need to be sharpened by a professional. This ceramic is durable, but is not flexible like metal.

Timothy M. Baran

Thursday, October 28, 2010

Proper Knife Skills

Although it's not mentioned in Bryony, Steve Barnes would have shown Brian Marchellis proper knife skills before they made their first meal. This would include:

* How to properly hold a knife so Brian doesn't cut himself.

* An exhortation to keep his knife sharp with a sharpening stone. Accidents occur more frequently with a dull knife.

* How often to sharpen? Very frequently, depending upon usage. Certain foods, such as citrus, dull the knife fast. So, if you're cutting oranges and lemons, don't set the knife on the counter and let the acid eat away at it. Wipe it off immediately.

* Showing Brian the stone has two sides: a coarse side and fine side.

* By the way, the coarse side sharpens and the fine side finishes.

* How to sharpen a knife: Hold knife at a twenty degree angle and run both sides of the knife over the coarse side, back and forth.

* Repeat the process on the fine side.

* After you sharpen the knife, run both sides of the blade over "the steel" to tone the knife.

* Wipe off the knife, stone, and "steel" to remove metal particles.

* The knife is now ready for use.

By Timothy M. Baran